Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Antibiotic resistance pattern to different isolates in Al-Hillah city, Iraq

Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa) considered as most important bacteria which can isolated from various kinds of infection. This study tries to survey the infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa especially medical and surgical care units and try to reveal the antimicrobial agents susceptibility against Ps. aeruginosa. Material and Method: This study was conducted during September 2012 to February 2013. During this period total of 285 samples were tested and showed growth of bacteria. The isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected on the basis of their growth on Nutrient agar pigmented and non-pigmented colonies with oxidase positive and on routine MacConkey medium which showed lactose Non-fermenting pale colonies. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all the isolates was performed using disc-diffusion (Modified-Kirby Baur method) according to CLSIs guidelines. Result: In present study, maximum isolates of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from various samples. The isolates were obtained from different clinical specimens, including pus, urine, respiratory fluids, blood, tissue, and genitalia. All the clinically isolated samples were identified as P. aeruginosa. Out of 285, 74.04% are males and 25.96% are females. Most of patients were aged between 27-48 years. Approximately half the isolates tested were from community patients, mostly from infections of the Wound/Pus (22.46%), urinary tract (22.11%), Swab (18.6%) and Respiratory Tract (15.09%). P. aeruginosa strains screened showed sensitivity to AK \Amikacin, E \Erythromycin and P\Penicillin while showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and norfloxacin, AX \Amoxicillin, AMC \Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, AZM \Azithromycin. Conclusion: To prevent the spread of the resistant bacteria, it is critically important to have strict antibiotic policies while surveillance programs for multidrug resistant organisms and infection control procedures need to be implemented

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection among Children under 2 Years Old in Hillah City, Iraq

Objective: To reveal the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated with lower respiratory system infections (LRI) in children under 6 years old. Methods: RSV antigen was detected in the children aged less than 2 years by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), performed on nasopharyngeal specimens from children admitted to children and maternity hospital in addition to those who came to outer clinic in Al-Hillah city, Iraq. Results: Among children aged < 2 years, the incidence of RSV-associated LRI per 350 child-years was 68 positive cases. The majority of RSV cases occurred in infants. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that RSV contributes to variable burden of LRI in children aged < 2 years in Al-Hillah city, Iraq. The probable descriptions for this deviation are social factors, patterns of seeking health care and differences in clinical characterizations used for obtaining samples. The age distribution of cases indicates the need for an RSV vaccine that can protect children early in life. Keywords: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); Respiratory tract infections (RTI); Infant

Effect of adding blue-green algae, probiotic and antibiotic to the diet on the productive performance of common carp Cyprinus carpio L.

This current study aimed to study the effect of adding blue-green algae (Spirulina), symbiotic (poultry star®me) at a ratio of 1 to 2% and colistin antibiotic to the control diet of common carp fish reared in glass aquariums for 56 days terms of three replicates for each treatment. The growth results showed that the fish fed on the third diet was significantly superior to the fish fed on the other experimental diets in the rate of total and daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feeding efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio criteria over all other experimental diets except for the second diet, 1% spirulina. The fish fed on the second diet significantly outperformed in the precipitated protein criterion and the protein productive value of all the experimental diets under study. The value of crude protein in the edible portion increased significantly when fish were fed on spirulina, symbiotic and antibiotic diets, compared to the control diet, while the percentage of fats in the fish fed on diets containing the food additives under test decreased significantly compared to the control diet. No significant differences were recorded in the percentage of ash. It is evident from what was mentioned above that the best results of the studied criteria were when adding spirulina at had positive effects on growth criteria and food utilization

Prevalence and Physiological analysis of Acute Bacterial Meningitis infections at care center in Babylon province

This study was done on the 142 patients suffering from meningitis infection depending on the physician's diagnosis from January 2009 to June 2009. Most specimens was collected in Babylon maternity and children hospital because the age group in this study was (<1-10 years). Blood and CSF specimens were collected, microbiological and biochemical tests were carried. obtained results showed that the most common bacterial causing meningitis was Streptococcus pneumoniae (23.94%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.197%), Neisseria meningitides (14.084%), Escherichia coli (14.084%), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (11.97%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.338%), Staphylococcus spp. (3.521%) and Acinetobacter spp (1.408%), while Negative Culture formed  (8.45%). Physiological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in acute bacterial meningitis showed that protein (mg/dl)>500, glucose <40 mg%, CSF/blood glucose <0.4, CRP > 24 mg/L, PMN (%)>80 and white blood cell (cells/mm3) different than normal values indicated of bacterial acute meningitis. Corresponding factors associated with acute bacterial meningitis like sinusitis, cirrhosis, pneumonia, chronic otitis media, diabetes mellitus and malignancy was reported. Age and sex distribution of meningitis causes revealed that the main age group of infection was (<1-5 years) and there is no significant differences between male and female infections. Keywords: Meningitis, Bacteria, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitide

Prevalence and Physiological analysis of Acute Bacterial Meningitis infections at care center in Babylon province

This study was done on the 142 patients suffering from meningitis infection depending on the physician's diagnosis from January 2009 to June 2009. Most specimens was collected in Babylon maternity and children hospital because the age group in this study was (<1-10 years). Blood and CSF specimens were collected, microbiological and biochemical tests were carried. obtained results showed that the most common bacterial causing meningitis was Streptococcus pneumoniae (23.94%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.197%), Neisseria meningitides (14.084%), Escherichia coli (14.084%), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (11.97%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.338%), Staphylococcus spp. (3.521%) and Acinetobacter spp (1.408%), while Negative Culture formed  (8.45%). Physiological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in acute bacterial meningitis showed that protein (mg/dl)>500, glucose <40 mg%, CSF/blood glucose <0.4, CRP > 24 mg/L, PMN (%)>80 and white blood cell (cells/mm3) different than normal values indicated of bacterial acute meningitis. Corresponding factors associated with acute bacterial meningitis like sinusitis, cirrhosis, pneumonia, chronic otitis media, diabetes mellitus and malignancy was reported. Age and sex distribution of meningitis causes revealed that the main age group of infection was (<1-5 years) and there is no significant differences between male and female infections. Keywords: Meningitis, Bacteria, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitide

Otitis Media; Etiology and Antibiotics Susceptibility among Children under Ten Years Old in Hillah city,Iraq

Background: This is an aerobic bacteriological study of acute otitis media to identify common pathogens and to evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Otitis media is a major health problem of children in low income countries. Objectives: This study was done to determine the bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility of otitis media from children under 10 years old. Methods: Infected samples were collected from sixty (190) children under ten years old suffering from otitis media from out clinic and Al-Hillah education Hospital in babil, Iraq. Over a 9 months period (September 2012 to May 2013). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disc diffusion technique as per the standard Kirby-Bauer method. Results: In this study, 48% of patients were males and 52% were females. Patients ranged in age from 0 to 8 years old. 34 percent of patients had no previous visit and regular treatment. The results of the bacteriological studies on the 190 cases showed that microbiological culture was yielded from 190 samples. Pure cultures consist of (166/30.1%) had a single organism isolated from the middle ear discharge, while the remaining or Mixed growth (367/66.37%) had two or more organisms isolated. There were (20/3.62%) samples who had a no culture with any microorganism isolated Conclusion: Otitis media linked with high levels of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria is a major health concern in all age groups of the study population. There is a need for culture and susceptibility test facilities for appropriate antimicrobial therapy of otitis media and antimicrobial resistant infections

Study of Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Uropathogenic Isolated from Patients in Al-Hillah city

In this study, 200 patients (100 male and 100 female) suffering from Urinary tract infection who presented to the Emergency Department of Babylon Maternity and Children Hospital  and Al-Hillah educational Hospital from October\2012 to February\2013 underwent a history and physical examination. In this study, Escherichia coli formed the major causative agent (10.8% in male and 13.2% in female) followed by staphylococcus aureus (5.4% in male and 4% in female), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4% in male and 4.6% in female). All isolates were tested for the sensitivity to Amikacin, Chloromphenicol, Nitrofurantoin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows sensitivity with Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin, Proteus species shows sensitivity with Amikacin, Amoxicillin , Cefodizime, Cefoxitin, Cephalexin, Gentamycin, , Norfloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates shows sensitivity with Amikacin, Norfloxacin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin. Our investigation showed that from the 200 patients with UTI, 62 male and 84 had pyuria > 5 WBCs/hpf, 84 male and 75 female had pyuria >10 WBCs/mL, 86 male and 64 female had CRP >24 mg/L, 67 male and 70 female had ESR >35 mm/hour, and 69 male and 55 female had WBC >15 000/mL

Role of Interleukin 1, IL-18 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Levels in Seminal Plasma of Infertile Males in Hillah Patients

Objective: Evaluation the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) and interleukin-18 (IL- 18) in male infertility. Intervention: Interleukin 1, IL-18 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha levels were measured in seminal plasma of in different groups of infertile males as well as in control men. Results: The mean of the cytokines for Normospermia IL-1 24.11, IL-18 327.50, TNF-? 7.05. While the mean of the cytokines for Oligospermia IL-1 48.25, IL-18 584.60, and TNF-? 32.50. For the Azoospermia The mean of the cytokines IL-1 55.03, IL-18 741.30, TNF-? 35.73. There was significantly elevated in the levels of TNF? and Interleukin 1 in seminal fluid correlate with leukocyte counts and ratios in the same ejaculates, also there was significantly elevated in the levels of IL-18 in seminal levels among infertile groups compared to normal control subjects. Conclusions: Cytokines and especially IL-18 and TNF? may play a role in pathogenesis of male factor infertility and may be a part of infertility workup in near future